The Evolution Of The American Political System - 1284 Words

1.Analyze the evolution of the American political system. Be sure to include one individual or document that influenced the Constitution and one change in the federal system. John Locke was been one of Americas most significant figures who influence how the country’s political system works today. Locke redefined the whole nature of the government, his views were similar to Thomas Hobbes’ ideas (Hobbes concluded that people are incapable of ruling themselves because it’s in our nature to self-centered not need to a strong leader to control us), however Locke was more optimistic about people’s ability to reason to help avoid tyranny. In Locke’s Second Treatise of Government he identified the basis to a reasonable government. According to Locke a ruler should gain their authority by the people who will be governed because the duty of the government is to protect the natural rights its people (life, liberty, and property), and said that if the government failed to protect these rights, the people should have the right to overthrow its government. These ideas greatly influence Thomas Jefferson when writing the Declaration of Independence. Federalism has also greatly impacted the political system in the United States because it’s the relationship between the authority and people. There are many ways the government can be divided. 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Historical perceptions of the Ku Klux Klan as an organization have been greatly modified over time. Beginning in the Reconstruction as an organization rich in justice and phenomenal, effective social work, the Klan has become the face of various historical interpretations. 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In which case, we would learn about his research in figuring out how life evolved; the vast amount of data he has collected based on his observation of plant life and animals, and even the â€Å"Origin of Species† published by Darwin himself in 1859, explained many possibilities of how evolution took place. So then why do Americans find evolution to be suspicious in terms of science? Darwin insisted that â€Å"evolution is a theory that is based on facts gatheredRead MoreAmericas Political and Social Attitudes During the 1920s Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesAmericas Political and Social Attitudes During the 1920s America is the most powerful country in the world and prides itself in being a melting pot of different cultures but has that always been true of America. I would like to argue that during the 1920s America became less tolerant of anything Un-American. I would like to mention immigration policy, the Ku Klux Klan, political hysteria and Religious intolerance. 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Although the fluctuation comes at a period of convenience , it is at whose expense that fluctuation comes, ought to be question. The United States Constitution and the term â€Å"rights† are politically, socially, and permanently engaged. Out of the political discourse of assessing what constituteRead MoreEssay On Mass Media777 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopments in the evolution of mass media during the last century? In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Americans received their news through newspapers and magazines. Television journalism has just taken over in the last 50 years. Today, the internet makes information and news available at the click of a button. The internet also plays a role in politics, and candidates use and special interest groups use different forms of advertising through the internet. With the evolution of media involvingRead MoreJohn Winthrop And John Adams1284 Words   |  6 Pagesmarked with worsened conditions for American colonists in terms of economic and social taxations. Their literary works exemplify their talents as governing officials and leaders during eras that Adams described as â€Å"time[s] when. . . lawgivers of antiquity would have wished to live† (APT, 130). They were artists of their times, painting the blank canvases of political organizations into existence through their experience, expertise, and personal ethics. Political theories and governments are like Darwin’s

Essay about Cell Membranes and Transport - 1350 Words

Cell Membranes and Transport Hands-On Labs, Inc. Version 42-0033-00-01 Exercise 1: Diffusion Observations Data Table 1: Rate of diffusion in different temperatures | |  ºC | Minutes | Temperature | InitialTemp. | InitialColor | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 60 | Cold | 10 °celsius | clear | clear | clear | clear | clear | clear | light purple | light purple | Ambient | 25 °celsius | clear | clear | clear | clear | light purple | light purple | med purple | med purple | Hot | 75 °celsius | clear | purple | purple | purple | purple | dark purple | dark purple | dark purple | Questions A. Write a one-paragraph†¦show more content†¦Identify which of the solutions were isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic in relation to the potato. - The potatoes in the distilled water and 0.2 sucrose were the most rigid and did not change in mass. These solutions could be said to be isotonic. The potatoes in 0.8 and 0.6 could se said to be less turgid and was placed in a hypertonic solution. B. What would happen to a red blood cell placed in distilled water? Why? - If a RBC were placed in distilled water, which is a hypotonic solution, it would explode. This is because water would rush into the cell causing it to swell and thus cause it to explode. C. Create a graph of your experimental data by plotting the percent change in potato mass against sucrose molarity. Label the x-axis as â€Å"Molarity of Sucrose,† and the y-axis as â€Å"% Change in Mass.† D. Determine the molar concentration of the sucrose contained in the potato strips by using the graph created in Question C. At the point where the molar concentration of the sucrose in the potato would be isotonic to the sucrose, there would be no net change in the potato mass. On the graph this is located at the 0% change. Draw a line from this place on the y-axis to intersect the line. From the line draw a line down to the x-axis to find the molarity. 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The cell membrane contains a phospholipid bilayer which causes the cell to have selectiveRead MoreThe Cell Membrane Transport Lab846 Words   |  4 PagesIn the cell membrane transport lab, there were many experiments that were done such as osmosis, diffusion in a gel, diffusion in a liquid, diffusion in air, and filtration, A cell membrane transport lab is done to understand the different ways of transport and why they are all important since it relates to the human body. Osmosis occurs when a fluid, that’s most likely water, passes through a semipermeable membrane. The tonicity of the solutions on both sides of the semipermeable membrane determinesRead MoreThe Role Of Proteins Of Cell Membrane Transport1276 Words   |  6 PagesDiscuss the role of proteins in cell membrane transport essay plan Cell membranes are surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer that provides a semipermeable barrier for cells, separating the cytosol from the extracellular environment. 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This is to prevent the pigment leaking out of the cell. [3] The outer layer of the cell is also surrounded by a membrane, this also helps the pigment stay inside the cell. Normally the pigments cannot pass through the membranes but they leak out when the beetroot is cooked. [1] The aim of this experiment was to use beetroot to examine the effectRead MoreWhy Chloride Is Important For The Transport Of Negative Anions Across The Cell Membrane1706 Words   |  7 PagesChloride channels are a structurally diverse superfamily of transmembrane proteins that facilitate the transport of negative anions across the cell membrane. These channels are involved in a plethora of physiological processes such as neurotransmission, excitation of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle, salt transport, cell volume regulation, and acid production in internal and external compartments. Families of these channels include the voltage-gated CLC family, calcium-activated CaCC family,Read MoreWhy Chloride Is Important For The Transport Of Negative Anions Across The Cell Membrane1516 Words   |  7 PagesChloride channels are a structurally diverse superfamily of transmembrane proteins that facilitate the transport of negative anions across the cell membrane. These channels are involved in a plethora of physiological processes such as neurotransmission, excitation of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle, salt transport, cell volume regulation, and acid production in internal and external compartments. Families of these channels include the voltage-gated CLC family, calcium-activated CaCC family,Read MoreCells Make Up Every Living Thing1695 Words   |  7 PagesCells make up every living thing. They are mandatory to life and its functions.   The cell allows us to do our functions, while doing its own (Cobb, ed., 2009).   Inside cells, there are organelles that carry out functi ons for the cell to live.   They have many different kinds of organelles, such as the golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, and the nucleus (Cellular Transport, 2009).   They all have different jobs to allow the cell to function, but the cell membrane   has a job that that is done in variousRead MoreCell Membrane Permeability1319 Words   |  5 Pageslipid-soluble molecules (such as hydrocarbons) can freely pass across the membrane. All ions and large polar molecules (such as glucose) are not permeable to the membrane. Membrane structure The plasma membrane maintains dynamic homeostasis by separating the internal metabolic events of the cell from its external environment and controlling the movement of materials into and out of the cell. 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Atmosphere of the scene Essay Example For Students

Atmosphere of the scene Essay After that, we had the task of spontaneously creating thoughts for Halina and her family whilst hiding in an underground bunker. This was very useful as it meant that we could immediately get the characters into our heads. Halina while only being young, still managed to be very mature, and understood that she needed to be quiet and keep calm not matter how afraid she was. This showed us how strong she was, something we could build upon throughout the rest of the course to expand her character. The rest of her family were also strong characters and it was easy to see the relationships between them all. The next task was a non-naturalistic stylized drama. Using the same kind of technique as the task before we spoke our characters thoughts aloud. All the while, the soldiers were stamping their feet, to create the effect of banging on the door to break them down. The thoughts between the soldiers and the people in the bunker were different enough that we could build Halina character from using the characters in the bunker. The soldiers had two different types of thoughts; there were the ones who could think of nothing better than to kill all the Jews in the bunker, and then the ones who felt guilty that they were going to be killing innocent people. It created a suitably creepy atmosphere. Our next task was also a whole class technique. After being taken to a train the families were all stuffed in together, so there was not even enough room to sit down. They were transported on the train for about twenty-four hours with no way to rest, until they arrived at the camp. They were then trekked across mud and other difficult conditions, making them very tired. We created frozen pictures of each stage of the journey. This helped us to display how Halina would have suffered to get to where she is now. In small groups, we created rehearsed improvisations of Hilek being taken away from Halina, her mother and Hileks wife, Hela. This was a good way to learn about Halinas relationship with her brother. We learnt that they might have fought to stay with each other for they love each other very much but that the soldiers had no sympathy.  The essence machine was a good way to get the very basics of what the concentration camp was like. We used repeated words, crescendos to build up the atmosphere of the scene. This helped us to understand how Halina would have been weighed down by her life and how she must have fought to keep up her spirits. The sadness in concentration camps was though the use of sad words, such as death, hunger, and loss, and using sounds like chocking in a gas chamber, crying or moans of hunger and weakness. The monologues were a final last way to learn about Halina as we were writing directly from her point of view. We learn about her inexpressible joy about seeing her brother again and how she might have felt guilt about causing the Capo to beat her brother.Hela calls out, and I know at once that she has seen my brother. Her joy is like an infectious disease, it spreads to me before I have even seen him. I feel my heart thud in my chest, and as I raise my gaze, I take a delighted breath. Hilek looks up, reacting to the sound of his name. Then I can stand the silence to longer; Hilek! My voice doesnt sound like my own, or at least not as I expect it. It is full of hope, joy, and life that I have not heard in such a long time, for it has been replaced with despair, regret and most of all tiredness.  He turns, an almost puzzled expression on his face, until he sees Hela and I. He smiles, with as much joy as I feel, and raises his hand to wave at us. Next to me, I can fell Hela resisting to the urge to run to him. My breath is short with joy and I can barely stand not being able to go to him.  Then the moment is gone, a Capo rushes at him, his stick raised. I grit my teeth, breathing heavily through my nose, trying not to cry out. Helas hand finds mine and takes it, gripping tightly. I feel her pain as it replaces the joy felt for a criminally brief moment, and guilt tears at my heart as I realise that I may have been the cause of Hileks beating. Tears spring in my eyes. At first glance, Beowulf appears to be an epic exclusively about Christian values, and how it influenced the Anglo-Saxons of this time EssayFor the improvisation where Edith meets the Chaplain, I was partnered with Ellie and we had, what I would consider, a very good piece of Drama. Edith had become cynical and regretful, trying her hardest not to have hatred of bitterness toward anyone. The Chaplain was trying to get her to pray but she believed that there wasnt the time to pray, instead she needed to think about her life and all the wonderful things that had happened in it rather than praying to be forgiven for the sins she had committed. I enjoyed the work of one pair who had a very emotional piece. They portrayed Ediths fear to face death very well and how the Chaplain was detached from her sadness while still supporting her. I liked this piece as the characters had a relationship that was obvious but only on the surface. Halina Birenbaum The stylised drama was brilliant. It was terrifying and mystifying at the same time, for the beats of the soldiers beating down the doors hit you right in the chest with terror, even though you knew it was acting. It was easy to get the mood and the impact was phenomenal. I especially enjoyed hearing the thoughts of the soldiers; how the people playing them could come up with such varied opinions on their task.  Another excellent piece was the frozen pictures of the journey from the train to the camp. We all ended up in awkward positions and staying frozen for the minute we did made it uncomfortable to stay frozen. This gave us a weak idea of what the pain these people must have been going though, which helped us to build up Halinas character. The rehearsed improvisation of the scene when Hilek was taken to a separate of the camp was interesting to do. It was a very emotional piece and this was shown though many way but mainly though body language and voice. There was a strong character relationship and this was shown for our group through how each woman had a different way to say goodbye to Hilek.  One group had Hilek declare his love for Hela as he was being dragged away, which was a beautiful idea but could have been portrayed slightly better, I think. It was difficult to hear what he was saying over the noise from the guards and the noise that the women were making. I loved doing the essence machine; it was a very clever way to produce the feeling without doing an actual piece of drama. We used voice and movement to show how after a while the people felt crushed and defeated with no hope.  My favourite group in this repeated each noise three time, each time getting more crushed until the only person left standing, the warden, said, Dead and they all fell to the ground.

Introducing Write Your Way to Your First $1k (With an Exclusive Sample Lesson)

Guess what? I officially launched – TODAY, November 16th – Write Your Way to Your First $1k – a course for bloggers and new writers and Im super excited about it all! I started down this path in the summer when I decided I wanted to start writing a guide for new freelance writers. Over time, it turned into a comprehensive course for bloggers and new writers. The reason I wanted to make a course like this was because not many bloggers or people know about how to leverage the skills they already have to earn a viable living. This course is filled with the exact steps I took to earn my first $1k and go on to replace my income as a teacher. Its a proven method to help you set up your business, build your presence, pitch like a pro and land high-paying clients. And to celebrate my launch, Im offering my course packages at a 20% discount, but only for the first 24 hours. Update: discount expired. What to Expect Its a 7 week self-paced course thats filled with templates, email swipe copy, and the exact pitches I use, including the one that landed me my first gig of $100 for an 800-word blog post and my current pitch that has a 75% close rate. There are 7 modules and 41 lessons. You can take a day to read all the lessons in a module or take a week. You have lifetime access to the course, which means you can take the time you need to digest the material. So, if you take the course as I had laid out – 7 modules in 7 weeks – by the end of 7 weeks you should have the tools and skills you need to set up your business, land clients and start making your way to your first $1k. Ive had beta readers go through my course and tell me how detailed my course is and how easy it is to follow and implement. Im so happy to hear this as I worked hard on this course and all the supplement guides too! Oh, yea the guides..and the bonus module. Youll also receive – depending on which package you choose – a pitching guide, social media guide to landing clients and a quick copywriting guide to increase your value as a freelance writer. And, a bonus module of advanced lessons to scale your business and more than double your income. I also have case studies of other successful writers whove built a successful freelance business. Theres also a private group, but thats a bit down the road once there are enough people enrolled in my course. It will sort of be a mastermind group where we all can hash it out, talk, work together and motivate each other on. An Exclusive Excerpt Want a sneak peak of my course? To give you an idea of the type of lessons youll learn, heres lesson 16, Maximizing Your Unique Selling Point. My Goal for This Course Ive lined up some awesome guest post spots for this month and a few more for December. Im also drumming something up in regards of a promotional spot on a new site, but its all hush-hush for now! I do want to explore paid ads, but thatll probably happen in the New Year. My goal right now is to sell at least 20 courses by the New Year. Its not a small goal, but its also not a big goal. Im hoping with my reach and connections, that its at least doable. Im also toying with the idea of being a bit more transparent on this blog. I might start doing income reports on the services/products I offer on this site (not my freelance writing client work). Im not sure if my audience cares about that, but its something thats on my mind (let me know if you do!) I Can Take a Breather The weeks leading up to my launch have been crazy. Im actually battling a sickness right now. I can barely talk (my throat is killing me). I sound like Kermit the frog! Yeah, the stress of putting this all together has taken a toll on my body. I never get sick. Even when both my twins come home with colds, I never catch them. But, these last two months Ive had the stomach flu (was out of work for an entire week. Couldnt even sit up) and now I have this nasty cold/throat thing. Now that my course is finally out, I can take a little bit of a breather. I know, though, the real work begins – promotion and marketing! Luckily I have a knack for digital marketing. This is a new chapter in my journey as a freelance writer and I cant wait to see how it progresses. If youre thinking about freelance writing, why not give my course out a try? P.S. when you enroll, be sure to tweet all about it using the course hashtag #writeto1k

Free Essays on Huck Finn Facets Of Lies

The Many Facets of Lies In Mark Twain’s novel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck begins by stating that he â€Å"never seen anybody but lied, one time or another† (Twain 13). By stating this, Huck is implying that he himself also lies. However, in Huck’s life, there are several different facets of lying. There are ‘stretching the truth’ lies, lies made out of ignorance or misunderstandings, lies made for survival, and malicious lies designed to harm people. Mark Twain once stated that â€Å"Truth is more of a stranger than fiction† (Notebook 1898). To Huck Finn, this is the way that he lives his life. His best friend, Tom Sawyer is an example of someone who stretches the truth. Tom does this to create excitement in his life and live out the romantic novels of adventure that he reads. Tom leads his friends in creating a gang of robbers. When they first form their club, the boys â€Å"take an oath, and write their names in blood† (Twain 20). The entire point of the gang is to ransom people and kill all but women and children (Twain 21). This gang fulfills Tom’s fantasies of adventure and wild times without his family holding him down it is an escape from civilization. Jim is another character in Twain’s novel that habitually stretches the truth to build him up. Jim’s lies are harmless though and are only done for his own amusement or gratification. When the gang of boys plays a joke on Jim in the beginning of the novel, Tom â€Å"slipped Jim’s hat off of his head and hung it on a limb† above Jim’s head (Twain 19). When Jim wakes up in the woods, he is convinced that witches enchanted him and â€Å"rode him all over the State;† however, as Jim continues to tell the story to more people, he exaggerates it to build it up in impressiveness and thus build his own importance (Twain 19). By the time that Jim has told most everyone about the witches, he claims to have been ridden â€Å"all over the world, and t... Free Essays on Huck Finn Facets Of Lies Free Essays on Huck Finn Facets Of Lies The Many Facets of Lies In Mark Twain’s novel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck begins by stating that he â€Å"never seen anybody but lied, one time or another† (Twain 13). By stating this, Huck is implying that he himself also lies. However, in Huck’s life, there are several different facets of lying. There are ‘stretching the truth’ lies, lies made out of ignorance or misunderstandings, lies made for survival, and malicious lies designed to harm people. Mark Twain once stated that â€Å"Truth is more of a stranger than fiction† (Notebook 1898). To Huck Finn, this is the way that he lives his life. His best friend, Tom Sawyer is an example of someone who stretches the truth. Tom does this to create excitement in his life and live out the romantic novels of adventure that he reads. Tom leads his friends in creating a gang of robbers. When they first form their club, the boys â€Å"take an oath, and write their names in blood† (Twain 20). The entire point of the gang is to ransom people and kill all but women and children (Twain 21). This gang fulfills Tom’s fantasies of adventure and wild times without his family holding him down it is an escape from civilization. Jim is another character in Twain’s novel that habitually stretches the truth to build him up. Jim’s lies are harmless though and are only done for his own amusement or gratification. When the gang of boys plays a joke on Jim in the beginning of the novel, Tom â€Å"slipped Jim’s hat off of his head and hung it on a limb† above Jim’s head (Twain 19). When Jim wakes up in the woods, he is convinced that witches enchanted him and â€Å"rode him all over the State;† however, as Jim continues to tell the story to more people, he exaggerates it to build it up in impressiveness and thus build his own importance (Twain 19). By the time that Jim has told most everyone about the witches, he claims to have been ridden â€Å"all over the world, and t...

Mans Fate Book Report essays

Man's Fate Book Report essays Andr Malraux was a French writer, explorer and statesman, who was born in Paris on 3 November 1901. He was self-taught through his love of books and paintings and his early acquaintance with avant-garde poets and artist. (Winegarten 268) He learned Oriental languages that came in handy during his time in Asia. Where he became extremely critical of the French colonial authorities in Indochina, helping to organize the Young Annam League and founded the newspaper Indochina in Chains. On his return to France he published his first novel, The Temptation of the West (1926). This was trailed by The Conquerors (1928), The Royal Way (1930) and Mans Fate (French: La Condition Humaine) (1934), an influential novel about the overcome of a collective government in Shangai and the options the losers have to face. He used his experiences in Asia as background for his first novels, counting Mans Fate (1933), which won the Prix Goncourt [of literature]. (Bertram 53) Malrauxs career begins in mystery with the expedition to Indochina, the obscure affair of the missing statues, a short term of imprisonment, and a plunge into Eastern politics. The details of these matters are still unknown to us, but it is their resonance that counts. With all their shadow and uncertainty they nevertheless suggest a purity of adventure. Malraux entered the European consciousness not as a writer but as an event, as a symbolic figure somehow combining the magical qualities of youth and heroism with a sense of unlimited promise. (William Righter in The Rhetorical Hero, 1964) kirjasto.sci.fi/malraux.htm Mans Fate was first published in the year 1933, as a fictional story of the early days of the Chinese Revolution. This novel remains an n influential term of psychological insight into the strength of political revolution. From the opening scene, in which Chinese terrorist Chen Ta...

The State Judicial Selection Process Assignment

The State Judicial Selection Process - Assignment Example Once a judicial officer ir a judge has been appointed, it would be expected that he or she would serve for a period of one year and then they would be subjected to a retention election based on the positive and negative affirmative yes or no. it is important to note and mention that the one year probation year serves as a litmus test to gauge the service and effectiveness of the judge. In any case the retention panel notes or realizes that the merit and quality of the judge has taken a dip of whichever aspect, the judge would not be re-elected and henceforth lose his or her judgeship position and stature. If a judge is elected his or her term would begin after the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January. Accordingly, there are irreducible minimums that are involved if a person wishes to serve as a judge in the state of Florida. The person must have practiced law and exhibited signs of excellence for a minimum period of ten years. The same person must be below the mandatory retirement age of seventy years, since it is a design that at the age of seventy the judges would have to retire. Another qualification is that the person must be a qualified elector within the legal fraternity and parameters. Intuitively, the vetting committee or panel would have the opportunity and chance to verify and interview an applicant then forward the same list of names to the governor of the state. The judicial nomination committee fronts the names of the three to six competent candidates to be considered for judgeship to the governor who is the appointing authority. In Florida, in case a vacancy occurs such as through resignation or natural death or cause, the judicial nominating committee would conduct vetting on the interested persons. The names of the successful applicants would then forward the name to the governor so that the vacancy would be filled accordingly. In Texas, the selection process

Protest & Reform - Protest Songs From the Civil Rights Movement Essay

Protest & Reform - Protest Songs From the Civil Rights Movement - Essay Example One person might start humming a tune and ultimately those who heard it would join in, spreading the music across the multitude of people gathered. The leaders of the Civil Rights Movement inspired many of the lyrics used in the existing gospel songs. King found many of his words from the speeches he had delivered incorporated into the music. When King explained to a group of individuals that he had woke that morning with freedom on his mind, he was later quoted in a gospel song that had been altered to reflect his comments. The message that he had delivered during his speech had been set to music and circulated throughout the communities. King’s oration â€Å"I Have A Dream† (Dlugan, 2009) may have been the inspiration for other songs that promoted the message of freedom. The songs that were used in the Civil Rights Movement stem from Negro Gospel Music. Tunes were jazzed up and lyrics were changed to accommodate the situation. By changing a few words to well-known songs, everyone could participate in a congregational setting and sing in unison at any event. While all of the songs are still sung in worship services across the United States, some of the Civil Rights lyrics have made it into Choral groups and been performed for various audiences by both children and adult groups. The following list of songs were frequently sung during the Civil Rights Era: The number of songs used during the Civil Rights Movement were not limited to just these titles. Many other songs were created to capture the attention of the media, promote unity, and create a cohesion between all individuals supporting the Civil Rights Movement. Depending on the situation or event, the song chosen was often determined by an individual in the congregation. One such event found all the prisoners at a jail singing â€Å"Hold On† and they were joined by others who heard and recognized the music. The lyrics to several of the

The use of Computers at Somerfields Supermarket in Cheadle Essay Example for Free

The use of Computers at Somerfields Supermarket in Cheadle Essay Each store in the Somerfields chain uses a computer to keep track of transactions (purchases) throughout the day. The system uses real time processing so that at any time the manager of the store can check exactly how much stock there is in the shop. For example, when someone purchases something the item is passed over a bar code scanner, which records the items code number. This item is then immediately deducted from the stock held in a database. If real time processing was not used then the manager would not know how much stock he had in until the end of the day. Of course not all stock is sold. Sometimes items are damaged, or wasted (eg. they go past their sell date). In these cases the stock still needs to be deducted from the database but needs to be classified as waste so that a purchase is not recorded. Staff use a portable electronic wand to scan the bar codes of these items. The wand uses radio waves to send its data to the main computer. They also use these wands to do manual stock takes (this is used to verify that the stock held in the computer database is correct). Every night the stores main computer connects to the Somerfield main frame computer. The main frame is a very powerful computer which connects to every computer in each of the Somerfield supermarkets. This computer will check the stock in each store and then automatically order new stock if it is needed. It will also change prices of stock, update the store on special offers and what to do to promote the offers etc. Somerfield also use an Intranet to keep its staff informed about promotions, special deals, changes to policy etc. The supermarket chain uses EFTPOS (electronic funds transfer at point of sale) so that customers can use credit and debit cards. The store prefers this method of payment to cash because there is less need for security, and also most people today shop only with cards and dont use cash. The biggest problem with using all of these systems is user error e.g. not scanning all items on a stock take, forgetting to record wastage etc. Another difficulty is how to monitor short life materials or complex materials like meat (remember meat is cut before it is sold and is not always sold at the same weight). Loyalty card Some large shops such as supermarkets have introduced loyalty cards. Tesco was the first to start the ball rolling in 1995 with its Tesco Clubcard. Customers apply for a card giving their name, address, e-mail and various other personal details. In return, they are issued with a Loyalty card that resembles a credit card in size and appearance. The loyalty card contains the customer membership number. The card is swiped when the customer buys something and details of their purchases are stored on the computer system. The customer is usually rewarded with discounts or vouchers, typically 1p for every à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.00 spent. On first glance, this would only seem to benefit the customer as the entire scheme is free of charge. However, supermarkets also benefit in other ways. The loyalty card allows the supermarket to build up a very accurate picture of the owners purchasing habits. Say for example, a new gardening magazine has come on to the market and the store wants to let potential customers know about it. The loyalty card database can be used to identify customers who regularly buy other gardening magazines. A mailing list is generated and hopefully the new magazine finds many new customers. Another way the card can be used is to understand where customers come from in the local area, because the database contains names and addresses. If there appears to be a gap in the locality, then it helps work out if it is worth building a new store to cover that area. So you can see the supermarket also benefits from running the scheme. The use of ICT in supermarkets has brought about many benefits for the company. Some of them are listed below: There is much less chance of human error when performing calculations and handling money. Everything takes place much more quickly and efficiently. The price of an item can be altered at any time simply by entering the new price against its barcode on the computer database. There is no need to price goods individually so some staffing costs are reduced. Less paperwork needs to be stored and information can be retrieved more easily. Better stock control means that the manager knows which products are selling well and those that are doing poorly. The computer system will automatically re-order new stock just in time to prevent the shop selling out. This means that fresher goods are always on display and reduces the amount of money tied up in stock. On the right you can see a photograph of the stores computer system. Note the use of two mini computers for back up. If one fails the other automatically takes over. On the bottom left you can see the back-up power supplies for use in the event of a power failure. The cabinet to the right houses a modem, connecting the store s computer to the head office computer via telephone lines. The centre units are bar code label printers.

Mother Daughter Relationships - Family Relations in Amy Tans The Joy L

Family Relations in The Joy Luck Club      Ã‚  Ã‚   One passage, from the novel The Joy Luck Club, written by Amy Tan, reveals the complex relations and emotions that are involved in families. This passage concerns the story of four Chinese women and their daughters.   The author leads the reader through the experiences of the mothers as they left China and came to America.   The daughters have been raised in America, as Americans.   This is what the mothers had wanted although it also causes them great distress.   This is illustrated in the passage I have chosen.    â€Å"My daughter wanted to go to China for her second honeymoon, but now   she is afraid.    â€Å"What if I blend in so well they think I’m one of them?†Ã‚   Waverly asked   me.   â€Å"What if they don’t let me come back to the United States?†    â€Å"When you go to China,† I told her, â€Å"you don’t even need to open your   mouth.   They already know you are an outsider.†    â€Å"What are you talking about?† she asked.   My daughter likes to speak   back.   She likes to question what I say.    â€Å"Aii-ya†, I said.   â€Å"Even if you put on their clothes, even if you take off your   makeup and hide your fancy jewelry, they know.   They know just watching the   way you walk, the way you carry your face.   They know you do not belong.†    My daughter did not look pleased when I told her this, that she didn’t look   Chinese.   She had a sour American look on her face.   Oh, maybe ten years ago, she   would have clapped her hands - hurray! - as if this were good news.   But now she   wants to be Chinese, it is so fashionable.   And I know it is too late.   All those years   I tried to teach her!   She followed my Chinese ways only until she learned how to   walk out the door by herself and go to school.   So now the only Chinese ... ...mes, for all members, but it is also a support network that can be beneficial for everyone.   I think that as the daughters got older they realized more and more how important family is, even though it can be a source of frustration at times. Works Cited and Consulted Feng, Pin-chia. "Amy Tan." Dictionary of Literary Biography. Volume 173: American Novelists since World War II. Fifth Series.   Gale Reseach, 1996: 281 -289. Heung, Marina. "Daughter-Text/Mother-Text: Matrilineage in Amy Tan's Joy Luck Club." Feminist Studies. Fall 1993: 597 - 613. Schell, Orville. "Your Mother is in Your Bones." The New York Times Book Review. 19 March 1989: 3,28. Seaman, Donna, Amy Tan. "The Booklist Interview: Amy Tan."' Booklist. I October 19%.: 256,257. Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. Vintage Contemporaries. New York: A Division of Random House, Inc., 1991.  

Corporate strategy: steakhouse case Essay

Generally the efficiency of the production is neglected but as Outback embarks on a differentiation and niche strategy that doesn’t affect its competitiveness. All other building blocks of competitive advantages are addressed, its products are of excellent quality, its products as well as the management system and the organisational structure are innovative and its customer responsiveness is outstanding. Opportunities and Threats The strategic position of Outback is mainly determined through companies that are in the same strategic group: moderate price and high quality dinners. The opportunities and threats are mainly the same for that strategic group, the entry into another group might be desirable and would result in a diversification strategy. Industry Structure According to Porter’s Five Forces Model, the restaurant industry is highly competitive. The rivalry among established companies is very high as Outback operates on the one hand in the highly fragmented restaurant industry and on the other hand has to compete directly with a few big chains. The demand conditions depend to a high degree on the general economic situation, but the US market in general can only accommodate a limited number of restaurants. The exit barriers are very low. The risk of entry of potential competitors is high as the barriers of entry are very low. The bargaining power of buyers is moderate, all customers account for only a marginal part of the revenues but as the demand is very elastic they tend to switch to the competitors if they are not fully content. The bargaining power of suppliers is moderate to high, the company doesn’t depend on one single supplier, but on high quality. The threat through substitute products is quite high, steaks could be replaced through poultry or completely different meals. Macroenvironment The macroeconomic environment influences the restaurant industry to a high degree as a decline or growth of the economy influences directly the demand for restaurant food. Further, the US market will be saturated with around 550-600 Outback restaurants, this offers the opportunity of further growth in the next few years but simultaneously imposes the threat of saturation of the national market and induces the need for an international option. In the social environment, the greater health consciousness leads to a lower consumption of red meat. Normally this would be a threat, but as it can be assumed that people just switch to going out to eat red meat this could be an opportunity for even greater extension of the business. Furthermore Outback could include healthier options into its menu and diversify into other segments of the restaurant industry. A good opportunity is the expansion into the international market to overcome US-market saturation. A  problem could be the lack of international experience. Question 2 – Are Outback’s various strategy components sustainable in the domestic market ? Can they be imitated ? Are they transferable to the international markets ? Why ? Why not ? 1 – Strategy components sustainable in the domestic market The basic strategy of Outback, a famous US steakhouse chain, was a success, because the concept was simple: provide a high quality service for an affordable price. The average price is between 15 and 20 $, so, we can deduce that the target of the chain is middle and upper middle classes. However, most of restaurants share this idea, particularly for this highly competitive domestic market. Outback found enough distinctive competencies to reach its actual level. Outback has different key strategies, which explain the success of the company. The experience accumulated by the three creators permits to develop an entrepreneurial spirit and to increase the acknowledge on the steackhouse chain market. These abilities have given to the top managers the capacity to create relevant strategies. – Positioning of the company Outback is a steakhouse’s chain, which decided first to respond at the demand of middle and upper classes basic American consumers. So, they have to afford good report price-quality, which depends first of all of the quality of the meal and the services provided by the personal. Meals are simple but correspond completely to the wishes of the American consumers. The quality of Outback is insured because of the fact they are only open during the night and not twice pro day, which corresponds to the expected target by Outback and the needs of the last one. – Organisation structure In five years, the network of franchises growth by 400 %. This fact pushed the company to develop a strong logistic network and also privilege the relationship with a few suppliers, which became real partners of the company. This gave us the opportunity to gain a high quality product and trustworthiness can be established. For the suppliers, the advantages are valuables because they know that they will continue their products if they still provide the same level of quality expected. For Outback, it gives the opportunity to obtain low prices and security of the food. The high number of restaurants asked for a relevant logistic structure in order to provide the best product on time for all franchises. In order to gain economies of scale, Outback allowed a franchise system. This gives the opportunity to reduce costs and to be implemented in various areas without high investment departures. Following the growth of the company, Outback changed the organisational structure to be more efficient and have more control on the brand image. They are developing better relationship between the headquarter and the partners. These latter have now stock options. This salary plan gives them motivation and accuracy in their job, because it guarantees a real engagement from the employees. – Human resource’s strategy A real consideration of the human resource is done by Outback. The corporate estimate that better working conditions and working schedule give more motivation to the employees. They feel comfortable within the company and are readier to answer at the injection of the headquarter. – Location strategy After study of the location and demographics particularities of a county, it seems that all the restaurant are established in specific distribution area. They set up the restaurant near dynamic neighbourhood and easy to go, which remains middle class population. – Communication policy At the beginning, Outback privileged local target population. Then, they extend their communication network by sponsoring specific events, as sport or charity events. A lot of support as television, billboard and radio are used because it is the best way to touch an important number of potential consumers. 2- Can they be imitated ? On the domestic market, Outback has many steakhouse chain competitors. Each brand is trying to find a niche. But some strategies can be easily imitated such as the geographic implementation and the target. The thematic of the restaurant was existing before the creation of Outback and the system of franchise is not adopt only by the restaurant chains. But Outback is able to put some entries barriers. The experience of the top manager is very helpful and contribute to create a trustworthiness from the employees. The synergy between the suppliers and the franchises gives at Outback more confidence on the future and more competitive. 3 – Are they transferable to the international markets ? Why ? Why not ? The concept of steakhouse chain, as Outback, seems to be adaptable in foreign countries. The company has two choices. First of all, it can keep its concept of American steakhouse chain within foreigner culture. Or it can also adapt to the country culture and has the ability to modify its concept and integrate it completely in the country chosen. Outback has the opportunity to internationalise its strategy, but the company has to take care about the way to do it. -The food habits is a first problem because a lot of Muslim countries cannot consume beef. Outback has to do a geographic selection -According to the policy of a country, the American restaurant can or cannot be set up as in Irak or North Korea. The American corporate culture can be a barrier of establishment too. – Outback has to think about the suppliers network. Some solutions appear as food exportation or licensing. But these strategies have a mean disadvantage: the local population may expect to eat local product -Outback has to change the organisational structure in order to integrate an international division. The structure can add a foreign operations department to their existing structure and contribute to use the same control system. 3.- The countries, which Outback should enter, are in hierarchic descending order as follows: 1.- SOUTH KOREA Advantages:1)Good economic development.2)Politically stable.3)Easy to import American style to South Korean.4)Infrastructures improvements. Disadvantages: Obstacles for US firms (regulation for labeling, sanitary standards) Modifications needed: Need to be financially sound company, because South Korea is an emergent market with big opportunities of growing and so that big investments will be needed. The firm will have to adapt to the sanitary standards, they will have to cope with occasional problems related with quarantine of some products. 2.- UK Advantages: 1) Common language, business practices facilitates US entry 2) No restriction on foreign ownership and movement capital, labor flexibility. Free enterprise and open competition in UK. 3) UK find US goods and services very attractive.4) Abolition of internal trade barriers (UK as a gateway to the rest of EU).5) Very good communication network Disadvantages: As UK is a gateway to the rest of European countries is of vital importance the role-play in UK, depending whether is successful or not the European adventure will be better or worst. Modifications needed: Very low rate of modifications are needed to enter in the UK market, as we have said previously US and UK have common language and have very close culture. 3.- CANADA Advantages:1)Business practices similar to US and US goods are well received in Canada. 2) Very good economic development.3) Very good communication network and very close to North America, which will reduce communications and transportation costs. Disadvantages: The linguistic and cultural problems that are taking place in Canada make a tense situation. Modifications needed: As a result of the disadvantages related before it would be necessary to have employees with knowledge of French and/or English. 4.- MEXICO Advantages: 1) They have improved infrastructures 2) Despite the economics problems there are opportunities for North American firms but they will provide low cost products, because of the low buying power of Mexican people. 3) Duty free to exports.4) It is geographically very close to North America, so that transportation as communications are easier. Disadvantages: 1) Political reforms, which make of Mexico not a very stable country.2) No good economic development. Modifications needed:1)As we have written is necessary to change the prices in order to adapt to the low buying power of the Mexican people.2)Related with the previous point it would be interesting to create a pool in order to  avoid the possible devaluations in the national currency. Germany and Japan are more difficult markets to enter into by the company. See appendix for advantages, disadvantages and changes needed. 4.- As result of the previous SWOT analysis we can observe that Outback has the opportunity, the intention and the necessity to expand the company into the international market. OPPORTUNITIES Incomes have risen globally, so that there is more money to expend on, when primary needs are fed another kind of needs appear. Outback has to take advantage of this and enter into new markets. Related with that the increasing number of women entering the work force which means that if traditionally women have to cook, nowadays they don’t have too much time for it, and so that restaurants with good quality food and family oriented are highly valued by working women. In other side demographic concentrations of people in urban areas, which make necessary to have different offers of restaurants. A good opportunity is the willingness of younger generation to try new products, we have as an example the Japanese young people. Although in Japan still remain some conservative customers, new generations are willing to try new kind of products coming for another countries. Also is very important to point out the improved international transportation, this is very important because can reduce the costs of export restaurant’s assets into another international country, as we have already said. Although there are very similar firms operating at the moment in the market, US food themes are very popular abroad. In order to reduce market saturation Outback has used joint ventures with an Italian chain (Canabba’s Italian Grills) INTENTION We see the will to expand when for example, in 1994 the firm didn’t pay dividends despite the good profit, the reason was to invest the money to be able to expand to international markets. NECESSITY The saturation of the US fast-food chains make that Outback looks for new countries where it can operate and grow there are very similar firms operating at the moment but US food themes are very popular abroad. Although in order to reduce this market saturation Outback has used joint ventures with an Italian chain (Canabba’s Italian Grills)

Week Six

Use the Internet to research and evaluate two (2) commercial HR database systems for your organization. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each system and, based on your knowledge of human resources and database systems, propose one (1) package that would fit the needs of your organization. Suggest three (3) specific reasons why you would recommend that system over the other. Capterra is a HR database provider that can provide the needs an organization to help with their HR needs. Their fully integrated, web-based suite automates and simplifies performance appraisals, 360 degree feedback, learning management, succession planning, compensation management, job descriptions and recruiting. Halogen's products make HR best-practices accessible to companies of all sizes. They also offer specific suites to meet the unique needs of a variety of industries. † (capterra. com) â€Å"Waypoint open source and other web-based software applications outlined on this website have bee n developed by HR-Fundamentals limited.Since 2002 HR-Fundamentals ltd has been providing online tools to help employers manage their staff and their business more effectively. Our friendly and approachable attitude enables us to work with different types of organizations, in many industries, across many continents, to deliver visible results to their business. HR-Fundamentals ltd offer a wide range of bespoke and personal services to employers, directors, line managers and employees. Our services include web based software applications and online employment related documentation available for immediate download. † (waypointhr. om) One of the advantages that Capterra has to offers program that can track holiday and sick time, along providing software to process payroll. It handles HR needs such as pre-employment testing and background checks. Capterra assist with all onboarding needs such as applicant tracking. Capterra can assist with all of a company’s recruitment need s. The disadvantage that Capterra has is there are a lot of options to choose from, and the website doesn’t seem to be easy to follow. The customer can easily be lost and maybe confused on what type of service they may need to choose from.With Waypoint I feel it can provide more support what a company is looking for and the website is easier to understand. Customer will get the feeling this company understand their needs and is willing to give them the service they are looking for. Waypoint specializes in HR Software and Web Development. They have modules that assist with Exit Interviews, HR Intranets, Online Appraisals, and Online Recruitment. The disadvantage that Waypoint may have is that their website is vague and it may give a potential customer the impression that it doesn’t have the areas of expertise a company is looking for.I would propose the absence management online program â€Å"Absence levels can be reduced through monitoring and management, sending empl oyees a clear message that you take sickness absence seriously. Our web-based Online Absence Management software is easy-to-use and accessible from any PC via a web browser and includes many features to help you and your line managers monitor, manage and handle sickness, injury and medical related absences. †(WaypointHR. com) I would recommend Waypoint because the services are on point with a customer needs. They can provide services such as online absences, and Exit Interview, and Online Intranet.These are basic services that most companies would like and want to promote. I would use Waypoint because it has the recognizes what companies needs are what they needs to make HRIS more efficient within the company. Waypoint specialty is Web Development and that is a must for HRIS to be utilized to its full capacity. To reduce using a lot of paper, Waypoint has an option that will allow important forms to be downloaded instead of always printing forms out. Suggest three (3) efficien cies that an organization would gain from using a SAAS for its HRIS needs and three (3) inefficiencies from maintaining an MS Access-based database application. The efficiency of HRIS, the systems are able to produce more effective and faster outcomes than can be done on paper. Some of the many applications of HRIS are: Clerical applications, applicant search expenditures, risk management, training management, training experiences, financial planning, turnover analysis, succession planning, flexible-benefits administration, compliance with government regulations, attendance reporting and analysis, human resource planning, accident reporting and prevention and strategic planning.With the many different applications of HRIS, it is difficult to understand how the programs benefit companies without looking at companies that have already benefited from such programs. † (ezinearticles. com) â€Å"One such company is IBM. IBM has a paperless online enrollment plan for all of its emp loyees. Not only has the online enrollment saved the company 1. 2 million per year on printing and mailing costs, the employees enjoy working with the online plan. Since we began offering online enrollment, we've learned that employees want web access,† Donnelly [Senior Communications Specialist] says, so they can log on at home rather than through the company intranet. So the company has been working to put in place a web-based enrollment system that employees and retirees can access from anywhere (Huering, 2003). By utilizing the flexible-benefits application HRIS has to offer, IBM was able to cut costs and give employees the freedom to discover their benefits on their own time and pace. † (ezinearticles. om) â€Å"The privacy of employee information has become a major issue in recent years. With identity theft becoming a common problem, employees are becoming more sensitive about who sees their personal information, and the security it is kept in. By making sure empl oyee information that is kept in the HRIS is relevant to the company and making sure there is limited access (password protection) to such information, companies can make its employees more secure with the safety of their information. Whether electronic or paper, employee files deserve to be treated with great care.Establishing security and end-user privileges calls for a balance of incorporating, HR policy, system knowledge and day-to-day operations (O’Connell, 1994). † (ezinearticles. com) â€Å"Illogically or inconsistently stored data can cause a number of problems. In a relational database, a logical and efficient design is just as critical. A poorly designed database may provide erroneous information, may be difficult to use, or may even fail to work properly. Most of these problems are the result of two bad design features called: redundant data and anomalies.Redundant data is unnecessary reoccurring data (repeating groups of data). Anomalies are any occurrence that weakens the integrity of your data due to irregular or inconsistent storage (delete, insert and update irregularity, that generates the inconsistent data). † (www. databasedev. co. uk) Assess the (3) most significant risks associated with combining products from multiple vendors into one (1) HRIS. â€Å"IaaS allows organizations to avoid the large capital expenses associated with infrastructure and data centers.It also has a low barrier to entry and enables automated scaling. One negative aspect of IaaS is that it brings with it new security risks that require different measures. For example, due to stringent information requirements associated with regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX), enterprises must carefully assess where such information resides and mitigate any privacy risks. In addition, how well IaaS works is vendor dependent. † (cloudcomputing. ys-con. com) The major drawback that mus t be mitigated is the security risk associated with centralization. In addition, since applications are centralized, version control and updates are relatively headache free and deploying software becomes instantaneous. On the other hand, applications that are centralized present enhanced security risks. (cloudcomputing. sys-con. com) Predict three (3) unintended consequences of not managing an HR database properly and how you would circumvent those situations from occurring.What is the impact of a poorly structured performance management process? If individual goals are not aligned with business strategy, then time and resources are wasted. Low employee engagement levels may mean that individuals are not performing at their best. Inconsistent evaluation criteria and rewards can lead to mistrust, lower productivity and higher attrition. If top performers see no differentiation in performance ratings, opportunities and compensation from underperformers, morale can suffer.Lack of docu mentation, visibility, and accountability can negatively affect stakeholders who are demanding more and more transparency. If accurate performance information is unavailable or difficult to access, training and development decisions along with project assignment decisions may not be made in the company's or the individual's best interests. An annual process will not adequately alert managers to problems in a timely manner. Last, but not least, a lack of proper documentation related to performance may result in legal issues. (www. successfactors. com)

Word Choice Formally vs. Formerly Proofeds Writing Tips

Word Choice Formally vs. Formerly Proofeds Writing Tips Word Choice: Formally vs. Formerly A lot of adverbs end with the letters â€Å"-ly.† This does, unfortunately, mean that some unrelated words sound quite similar, such as â€Å"formally† and â€Å"formerly.† So to make sure you can use these terms correctly, check out our guide to what â€Å"formally† and â€Å"formerly† actually mean. Formally (In a Formal Manner) â€Å"Formally† is the adverbial form of the adjective â€Å"formal.† And since â€Å"formal† means â€Å"official† or â€Å"in accordance with convention,† we use â€Å"formally† when something is done in a formal manner. To dress â€Å"formally,† for example, usually means dressing smartly for a special occasion: We dressed formally for the wedding. Alternatively, we could make a â€Å"formal† announcement. This would be a statement that makes something official (even if people already knew about it through hearsay): He formally announced his resignation on Tuesday. The opposite of â€Å"formally† is â€Å"informally.† This implies doing something in a way that ignores official rules or conventions. The adjectival form is this word, meanwhile, is â€Å"informal.† Formerly (Previously) The word â€Å"formerly† means â€Å"in the past† or â€Å"previously.† For example: The Google search engine was formerly called â€Å"Backrub.† Here, we’re saying that Google was called â€Å"Backrub† before it was Google (which is true, weirdly). The adjectival form of this word is â€Å"former,† which means â€Å"from a past time.† All in all, its probably a good thing they changed it. Formally or Formerly? Although these words sound similar, they don’t mean the same thing. As such, you should be careful not to mix them up in your writing. Remember: Formally comes from â€Å"formal† and means â€Å"officially† or â€Å"in a formal way.† Formerly comes from â€Å"former† and means â€Å"previously† or â€Å"in the past.† Since the words â€Å"formal† and â€Å"former† sound more distinct, moreover, you can use them to remind you what their adverbial forms mean. And if you want to be sure that your word choice is always correct in your writing, a little bit of proofreading can be a big help!

High School Social Studies Courses Needed for College

High School Social Studies Courses Needed for College Choosing the high school courses that will best prepare you for success in college can be a difficult process, and social studies, though an important subject for a strong college application, is easily overlooked, particularly if you arent planning to enter a liberal arts program. Many students are much more concerned about their math, science, and foreign language requirements. Requirements for high school preparation in social studies vary significantly among different colleges and universities, and the term social studies can mean something different to different schools. What Courses Count as Social Studies? Social studies is a broad term that encompasses fields of study related to culture, government, civics, and the general interactions of people within a complex national and global context. War, technology, law, religion, and immigration all have a place within the category of social studies. High school classes in social studies typically include United States History, European History, World History, U.S. Government, Human Geography, and Psychology. Keep in mind, however, that colleges are free to define social studies as broadly or narrowly as they choose. What Social Studies Classes Do Colleges Require? Most competitive colleges recommend at least two to three years of high school social studies, which generally includes history as well as courses in government or civics. Here are some specific recommendations for high school social studies coursework from several different institutions: Carleton College, one of the top liberal arts colleges in the country, requires three or more years of social science. The college does not specify what courses it prefers students to take under the label of social science.Harvard University, the prestigious Ivy League school, is more specific in its recommendation. The university wants to see that students have taken at least two, and preferably three years of courses that include American history, European history, and one other advanced history course.Stanford University, another prestigious and highly selective university,  wants to three or more years of history/social studies. The university wants these courses to include a meaningful essay writing requirement so that applicants are prepared for the rigors of university humanities and social science classes.Pomona College, an excellent liberal arts college and member of the Claremont Colleges, wants to see a minimum of two years of social sciences (the term the school uses fo r social studies), and the college recommends three years. Clearly when a highly selective school recommends something, applicants should take that recommendation very seriously. UCLA, one of the countrys top  public universities, requires two years of study. The university is more specific about this requirement than many other institutions. UCLA wants to see one year of world history, cultures, and geography; and or one year U.S. history or one half year U.S. history and one half year of civics or American government.  Williams College, another top-ranked liberal arts college, does not have any specific academic requirements for admission, but the schools admissions website notes that they look for the strongest program of study offered at a students school, and that competitive applicants have typically taken a four-year sequence of courses in social studies. The table below gives you a quick glimpse of typical social studies requirements for different types of colleges and universities. School Social Studies Requirement Auburn University 3 years required Carleton College 2 years required, 3 or more years recommended Centre College 2 years recommended Georgia Tech 3 years required Harvard University 2-3 years recommended (American, European, one additional advanced) MIT 2 years required NYU 3-4 years required Pomona College 2 years required, 3 years recommended Smith College 2 years required Stanford University 3 or more years recommended (should include essay writing) UCLA 2 years required (1 year world, 1 year US or 1/2 year US+1/2 year civics or government) University of Illinois 2 years required, 4 years recommended University of Michigan 3 years required; 2 years for engineering/nursing Williams College 3 years recommended What Social Studies Classes Do the Strongest Applicants Take? You can see from the selective colleges above that all schools require two or more social studies classes, and many require three. The reality is that your application will be strongest with four classes, for its important to remember that colleges look more favorably upon applicants who have done more than meet the minimum requirements.What you take will largely depend on what your school offers. A student who takes a course in U.S. history followed by courses in African American history and America at war shows depth of knowledge and intellectual curiosity, but courses beyond basic American history arent offered in many school systems.   In general, however, you should take the most challenging courses available to you. An IB curriculum will certainly impress the admissions officers, as will AP classes in history and government. If you have the option of taking classes through a local college, those dual-enrollment classes in history, politics, sociology, psychology, government, and other social sciences will also make a good impression and help demonstrate your college readiness. College admissions officers are looking for students who have challenged themselves throughout high school, taking on advanced coursework in multiple subjects. Because social studies is an area in which most schools only require two or three years of study, you have an opportunity to present yourself as a well-rounded and dedicated student by taking additional courses. This is particularly true if you are applying for a college program in history, civics, or any of the liberal arts.

Marshallian Demand and Supply Theory Assignment

Marshallian Demand and Supply Theory - Assignment Example Very much similar to the modern supply and demand functions, it shows the choices of the customer in terms of his demand over a range of prices. Moreover, in the case of supply, it would show the quantity supplied, for a range of prices. Quite understandably, over demand would increase as the prices keep on increasing since these share a negative relation with each other. However, supply, on the other hand, would have a positive relationship with the price; therefore, the supply curve would be an upward or positively sloped curve (Taylor & Weerapana, pp. 126-128, 2007). Moreover, there are two very important assumptions for the Marshallian model as well. Firstly, that the supply and demand, is in no way, interdependent but act freely. Secondly, that supply is limited and finite, and the basic principle of economics must hold true that there are scare resources (Henderson, pp. 124-128, 2009). In addition, this model perfectly solves the utility maximization problem as well. Since consumers get a range of choices, sets of prices and the quantity supplied and demanded on them, they can choose the set, which satisfies them the most (Pindyck & Rubinfeld, pp. 148-149, 2001). Unlike, the Hicksian model, Marshallian model of supply and demand also accommodates the income and substitution effects. In the study of microeconomics, the Hickson model is referred to as the compensated demand function since its idea rests on fixed utility. However, the Marshallian model of supply and demand has received the name of uncompensated demand function, since, as mentione d earlier, that it offers the option of utility maximization (Rittenberg, pp. 469-478, 2008). Quite clearly, the laws of demand and supply are helpful in predicting the direction of changes in price and quantity, whether it would increase or decrease, in response to various shifts in demand and supply.  

You Are The Judge Papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

You Are The Judge Papers - Essay Example Negligence is defined as a failure to act by a person where such an act would have been performed by a reasonable man or a person does something which a reasonable person would not have committed. This act or failure to act subsequently leads to foreseeable harm. The main elements to prove negligence are duty of care being owed; breach of that duty which results in injury to the plaintiff and proximity between the act and the injuries that is the injury caused was a foreseeable consequence of the negligence. It can be seen from the facts that Corrigan was responsible for installing the compass and so a clear duty of care arose between the final user that is Daniel and Corrigan. The breach of duty occurred because as per the facts the compass had not been properly installed. Now the issue that arises is whether an action against Zoom can lead to such a claim for medical costs. Clearly Zoom had a contract with Corrigan and so Corrigan would be a party to this action and so medical costs can be recovered subject to proximity which will now be discussed. The question of proximity would require proving whether it was foreseeable that the faulty compass would lead to Daniel getting lost and being beaten. It can be said that because of the faulty compass it is evident that Daniel would get lost. As for the area that he reached as a result there is a strong possibility of it happening and suffering injury in a high crime area. Thus it can be said that there was proximity. The defence that can be relied upon by Zoom/Corrigan is that the event was unforeseen because even though there was a possibility of getting lost, the injury caused was farfetched. Furthermore they can argue that the plaintiff would have been aware that he was going wrong and so knowingly took the risk. All these arguments are likely to fail and thus Daniel can recover for the medical costs under the head of negligence. The proper defendant for the action can be determined by the

Answer questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Answer questions - Assignment Example Primal solution is easier to solve and because of the difficulty of the dual solution, there is a lack of full numerical solutions to the dual problem. Normal or direct utility function treats utility as increasing function of goods or services consumed and decrease in the function of work being performed for it. As opposite to this, in indirect utility function increasing function of non-work income and rate of wage of work done, and decreasing function of prices of goods and services consumed is termed as utility. As the price of chips in Utopia is more than the price in the world, many suppliers will be interested in providing the product in Utopia. With the existing demand and supply situation, it appears that production will mostly be done outside Utopia. Domestic production will be costly and thus not affordable. b) If the senator’s proposal is approved, there will be an increase in supply due to decreased cost, and will be an increase in demand as well. With the increased number of chips coming in market, the price will automatically decrease for the end buyer. The price will be thus down to less than 4. The quantity consumed domestically will increase so will the quantity produced domestically. The subsidy plan will cost the government a lot. It will not be a very profitable venture as all profits made through this economic strategy will be lost to the factor that imports are still allowed and subsidy is not paid on domestic sales. With the high price of chips in Utopia, even with the subsidy, Utopia will not be the cheapest producer to beat competition to the level where despite the imports and no subsidy on domestic sales this step could be profitable. d) The Senator is correct in his objections. Considering the market price and the demand of this product, an increase of $1 tariff on imports would have resulted in the same profit collection with much less hassle. d) The maximum profit equation has been derived through a set of

Political Events and Shipping Demand Essay Example for Free

Political Events and Shipping Demand Essay Introduction Modern shipping is the life-blood of the world; without it, much of the demand for imports and exports would not be met. In 2006, world seaborne trade was estimated to have reached 30,686 billion ton-miles, having grown by 5. 5% over the previous year. Despite the prevalence of air transport, up to 90% of world trade is carried over the oceans in humble ships. The demand for seaborne trade is driven primarily by the world economy; various industries produce the goods that need to reach different parts of the world. In its most recent World Economic Outlook , the International Monetary Fund (IMF) forecasted global growth of 3. per cent for the rest of 2008, lower by 0. 2 per cent from the previous month’s estimate. In spite of the dip, the world economy is still growing annually, led by the emerging markets that are hungry for resources to fuel their growth. Beyond the economy, there are several other factors that determine demand for shipping. This paper seeks to evaluate the role of political events and its impact. In addition, it seeks to look into which commodity is most affected by such incidents. In his book, Maritime Economics, Martin Stopford writes that ‘no discussion of sea transport demand would be complete without reference to the impact of politics’. In the following paragraphs, this paper will address the main types of events that affect shipping demand both positively and adversely. 2. 0Political events that have affected shipping demand the most 2. 1Opening-up of the Chinese economy The accession of China into the ranks of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and Beijing winning the bid to host the Olympics in 2001 were events that had large political motivations and caused a tremendous rise in demand for shipping. Since then, China’s economy has seen astronomical growth. In order to fuel this development, the country has increased both its imports and exports in almost every industry. This has taken the world by storm as countries the world over compete to feed and fuel the world’s most populous country. Hence, seaborne trade and demand for shipping worldwide has been skyrocketing as a result of China’s booming economy. 2. 2War and the economic embargoes Conversely, war and economic embargoes and sanctions are the leading cause of a drop in maritime activity. In broad terms, the hostilities in the Middle-East region have led to disruptions in movements of oil shipments to the developed world. In the 1950s, the Suez Crisis between Britain, France and Israel against Egypt, led to the diversion of ships around the Cape of Good Hope to avoid the tensions. Two decades later on 17 October 1973, the ongoing Yam Kippur War caused the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries to stop shipping oil to nations that supported Israel’s war efforts. The impact of this embargo on shipping was the collapse of the oil tanker market and led to a series of recessions and periods of high inflation that persisted until the 1980s. Other examples would include the Korean War in 1950 and the Gulf War in the early 1990s. . 0Commodities affected Crude oil accounted for 26. 9 per cent of total goods loaded in 2006. Due to the sheer quantity of oil being shipped worldwide, any political event jeopardizing seaborne trade would usually entail oil shipments being affected. This is because the resource is abundant in only certain parts of the world; the Middle-East is one such region that is plagued with rogue political regimes and instability. In the above-mentioned events in the region, the hostilities resulted in disruptions to the oil trade and consequently, oil price. This would be discussed in the section on Iran. Another sector that would be affected would be the metal industry trades and in particular, that of iron ore. Western Australia and Brazil are major exporters of iron ore to growing markets like China which need it for its continued development. 4. 0Opening of China’s economy Since the 1970s, China has been gradually introducing economic reforms and providing enterprises with autonomy. However, it was only in the last 2 decades that the world’s 2nd largest economy has opened itself up to greater foreign investment and world trade. This was carried out through the relaxation of import and export controls and trade reforms in the form of reduced tariffs. All this led to a significant milestone for China and the world – its ascension into the ranks of the WTO on 11 December 2001. In addition, Beijing won the bid to host the 2008 Olympics that same year. These 2 events have set the stage for China’s rapid development. In the following paragraphs, this paper will explain its effects on the world and global trade and shipping. Based on a working paper by the IMF written in 2004, the international impact of China’s ascension into the WTO is far reaching. Firstly, sustaining the growth of China would provide benefits to its trading partners; beyond the processing of trade, there has been significant growth in imports for domestic use and outbound tourism. Secondly, China’s insatiable thirst for energy and metal imports have since fuelled the rapid rise in imports of such commodities. Lastly, multinational companies are tapping into the large domestic market especially with the freeing up of the country’s banking sector. This paper believes that China’s meteoric rise over the last two decades and more significantly, since the dawn of the new millennia, have created a surge in demand for world seaborne trade and shipping. 4. 1China’s role in transforming Western Australia and beyond As a result of China’s booming steel industry, Australian exports of iron ore to China reached more than A$4 billion last year. BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto, two of the world’s largest resource companies, share the metal-rich Pilbara of Western Australia to feed China’s demand. The latter is hoping to double its 2007 iron-ore production in four years. This mining boom in the traditionally ‘sleepy’ side of Australia spells good news for its economy and residents. In an interview with the Economist , Eric Ripper, finance minister of Western Australia, said that his state has been fighting to bring in a A$9 million surplus seven years ago. Last year, the country’s largest state (by land area) grew by 6. 3%, twice that of the entire country. In addition, it now boasts a healthy surplus of A$2 billion. Besides iron ore, China has a tremendous hunger for other natural resources. All across the world, Chinese firms are finding new sources for crude oil, natural gas, metal and coal. Ships have been queuing off Newcastle in Australia to load cargo bound for China; at one point in June 2007, the queue was 79 ships long . In short, the rise in import demand by the Mainland has helped countries in Latin America and Africa grow their own economy. Another country that has seen business grow is the shipping giant of Greece. 60 per cent of China’s imports of raw materials and energy are carried on the backs of Greek ships. Greek ship owners want to capitalize and many have made orders to build ships in China which has caused the order books of the large manufacturers to bulge and many smaller players to join in the fray. . 2China’s effect on shipping demand In terms of shipping, China is a force to be reckoned with. Just 2 years after joining the WTO, China handled 48 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) in 2003, an increase of 11 million TEUs the year before. This made the country the largest container shipping market for the first time with both Sh anghai and Shenzhen joining the mega-port league of over 10 million TEUs throughputs . On two of the most important container trades from Asia to North America and Europe, mainland China and Hong Kong corner 60 per cent of the market share. More recently, with an increasing portion of China’s imports of oil products coming from Latin America and West Africa, ton-miles demanded associated with this trade has increased. Referring back to the example of Australian iron ore, China’s high volumes mean that Chinese companies are sourcing for metals from further abroad such as Brazil. In addition, China has always been a net exporter of coal. However, in the last few years, China has become a net importer; this forces its neighbors to source for coal from further afield. All these factors serve to increase ton-miles demanded. It is important to note that though ton-miles demanded may increase, actual volume may remain unchanged. 5. 0Iran and the Strait of Hormuz The on-going tension between Israel, the United States of America (USA) and Iran over its suspected nuclear-weapons programme has brought about fluctuations in oil prices in recent times. Several factors have made this all the more pressing in the last few months. These include a weakening Bush administration, Iran’s continued uranium-enrichment programme, a lackluster Western diplomatic approach to handling the situation and Israel’s jitters have raised the idea of a possible war in the Middle-East. In retaliation to suggestions of a military strike, Iran has threatened to cut oil exports and close the Strait of Hormuz . This strait’s importance lies in that it is the only viable path for much of the oil from the gulf to reach the rest of the world. By comparison, the Suez and Panama Canals are passages that have alternative albeit costlier, routes. A horseshoe-shaped body of water that stretches between Iran and the northern tip of Oman, the Strait is the only passage in and out of the Gulf. Every day, around 50 tankers carry between 4 million and 17 million barrels of oil and oil products through the 180km-long strait roughly 40 per cent of the worlds internationally traded supplies . If Iran were able to close this waterway by use of anti-ship missiles, only 3 million barrels would be able to be diverted via the Red Sea. Thus, oil and oil product shipment would be greatly hit worldwide. In addition to oil, Jebel Ali, a port-town in the United Arab Emirates, handles ab out half of all maritime trade between Europe and Asia. Currently, it is the largest port between Rotterdam and Singapore. Large portions of what enters some of these free zones in the gulf are transshipped to other parts of the world. Experts who have monitored the Suez Crisis in the 1950s and how it led to the Six-Day War understand that such an action from Iran would result in the Middle-East suffering economically. On a larger scale, the world would be faced with supply cuts in almost all goods. 6. 0Maritime terrorism Another threat to the maritime industry is terrorism at sea. Terrorism is broadly defined as attacks to create fear and often have an underlying belief that the terrorists want to spread. Since the world-changing September 11th attacks on the United States of America in 2001, many other acts of violence have been carried out with ships as targets. An example would be the infamous Al-Qaeda attack on the French oil tanker, the Limburg, in Yemen in 2002. Such attacks create not only a sense of uncertainty in the shipping industry, but have raised the costs of shipping as well. In the case of the Limburg, the insurance payout reached US$70 million . This example highlights the trend of insurance companies charging higher insurance premiums to shipping companies whose ships sail through more ‘dangerous’ waters. As a result, shipping cost has risen over the years and this has led to a dip in demand. Amongst the main trunk routes that ships often ply, the greatest number of such incidents happens in the South China Sea and the Straits of Malacca. These acts of terror also do not differentiate between the types of ships they target; almost everything from boats to tankers has been looted for their cargo and entire ships stolen. This paper would like to caution that the distinction between maritime terrorism and piracy is blurring. 7. 0Conclusion This paper has looked at examples of how political events have caused a stir in the maritime world. This is largely a result of the correlation between world trade, shipping and movement of commodities. Such incidents can spark both a decrease as well as an increase in demand for shipping. In the case of China’s reforms towards a more open economy, trade between this country and the rest of the world has increased dramatically. This has spurred the shipping industry not just in terms of seaborne trade but in other forms such as ports and shipbuilding. Beyond its shores, it has helped to lift the economies of countries that enjoy a high level of trade with China. On the other hand, the tensions in the Middle-East have brought about uncertainty throughout the world over oil prices and world trade. The strategic position of the most hostile nations in the region has given them leverage over the Western world in terms of threats to block the major waterway, the Strait of Hormuz. Lastly, the concerns over maritime safety and rising insurance costs to cover ships and their owners have caused a dip in demand for shipping. This is because of the higher costs now associated with shipping; it is intuitive yet unfortunate that the world’s major shipping routes are also the most dangerous.

Grandmas House Essay -- Descriptive Essay About A Place

Grandma's House My most distinct childhood memories are at my Grandma Darlene's house, a quaint trailer on the edge of Anderson. Grandma lives near the end of a tiny little dirt road and has lived there for more than thirty years. We can barely get through the door because there are mountains and mountains of boxes, clothes and barrels filled with who knows what. At the bottom of all that there is a fairly large wooden rocking bench, my great uncle made right before his wife died. Cushioning these layers upon layers of junk is a nasty, old, mated scrap of carpet. The carpet is a burnt orange, calico color that has been stepped on and had people's shoes wiped off on more times than a welcome mat. Bordering the side of the porch is a barbecue from what looks like it is from the 1950's. It's all charred and where the black paint once was now is a thick coating of orange rust. In the corners there are millions of spiders that have taken up residence. Once we conquered the spiders and climb over the massive piles of boxes, we open the spring loaded door and the smell of coffee and burning wood rushes over us. As we entered the living room we traveled back in time, to an old yet still messy Victorian house. In front of the door the floor is tile; four or five of the tiles are broken where my Papa dropped a hammer years ago. As we move deeper into the living room the floor changes to a gray carpet with yellow and brown stains in many different places. The big windows are draped with large lacey curtains and doilies surround the coffee table and all the sides' tables. We bounce down on a blue floral couch and set our stuff on the oak wood coffee table that is less than ten inches from our shins. Beneath this table there are golden po... ...ig would scream over and over again until the lid was shut. Then in would come Grandma with her hands on her hips looking at us like we were so silly. In the end we would always get a cookie. My Grandma Darlene's house is the simplest, homiest, and most wonderful place I could ever imagine. Her place might not seem like much but it's the little things that are most important. Her house contains so many of my fondest memorize. When I'm busy, angry or just frustrated, I wish and think back on the times when Ashley and I would dump the whole box of lucky charms all over the floor and only the marshmallows. It the simple things I miss like watching Scooby-Doo in my PJ's on Sunday morning, making sparkly crafts and play baseball. All of these fun thing where done at my grandma's and I'm sure there will be a lot more to do when I go over there this Thanksgiving.

Dbq for American Imperialism

The period 1875-1920 has been described by some historians as a period of â€Å"selflessness† during which the United States helped weaker nations from dominant European powers and spread the â€Å"blessings of democracy and civilization.† Others have described the â€Å"New Manifest Destiny† as a time of â€Å"ruthless American expansion† at the cost of weaker nations and in violation of our own principles of consent of the governed and popular sovereignty.Using the documents, and your knowledge, how would you characterize this period of â€Å"Becoming a World Power†?Document ADocument Bâ€Å"The title to territory of indefinite but confessedly very large extent is in dispute between Great Britain and the Republic of Venezuela. . . . Venezuela can hope to establish her claim only through peaceful methods. . . . The Government of the United States has made it clear to Great Britain that the controversy is one in which both its honor and its interes ts are involved. . . . The people of the United States have a vital interests in the cause of popular self-government. . . . To-day the United States is practically sovereign on this continent, and its fiat is law upon the subjects to which it confines its interposition. . . . Its infinite resources combined with its isolated position render it master of the situation and practically invulnerable as against any or all other powers. . . .All the advantages of this superiority are at once imperiled if the principle be admitted that European powers may convert American States into colonies or provinces of their own. . . . Great Britain can not be deemed a South American state within the purview of the Monroe Doctrine. . . . It being clear, therefore, that the United States may legitimately insist upon the merits of the boundary question being determined, it is equally clear that there is but one feasible mode of determining them, viz., peaceful arbitration.† Richard Olney, Secret ary of State, 1895.Document CDocument Dâ€Å"The Republic of Hawaii hereby cedes absolutely and without reserve to the United States of America all rights of sovereignty of whatsoever kind in and over the Hawaiian Islands and their dependencies; and it is agreed that all territory of and appertaining to the Republic of Hawaii is hereby annexed to the United States of America under the name of the Territory of Hawaii. . . .The existing laws of the United States relative to public lands shall not apply to such lands in the Hawaiian Islands, but the Congress of the United States shall enact special laws for their management and disposition. . . . There shall be no further immigration of Chinese into the Hawaiian Islands, except upon such conditions as are now or may hereafter be allowed by the laws of the United States, and no Chinese by reason of anything herein contained shall be allowed to enter the United States from the Hawaiian Islands.† Treaty of Hawaiian Annexation, 1898 .Document Eâ€Å"The principles which this Government is particularly desirous of seeing formally declared by His Imperial Majesty and by all the great Powers interested in China, are: First. The recognition that no Power will in any way interfere with any treaty port or any vested interest within any leased territory or within any so-called â€Å"sphere of interest† it may have in China.Second. That the Chinese treaty tariff of the time being shall apply to all merchandise landed or shipped to all such ports as are within said â€Å"sphere of interest† (unless they be â€Å"free ports†), no matter to what nationality it may belong, and that duties so leviable shall be collected by the Chinese Government.Third. That it will levy no higher harbor dues on vessels of another nationality frequenting any port in such â€Å"sphere† than shall be levied on vessels of its own nationality over equal distances.The declaration of such principles by His Imperial Maj esty would not only be of great benefit to foreign commerce in China. . . .† John Hay, Open Door In China , Pg.168.Document Fâ€Å"On March 31 Captain-General Blanco issued a decree putting an end to reconcentration in the provinces of Pinar del Rio, Havana, Matanzas, and Santa Clara, and on April 9 the Spanish Cabinet decided to grant an armistice to the insurgents, while both the Pope and the great Powers of Europe were using their influence to avert a Spanish-American war. Nevertheless the replies at this time of the Madrid government to President McKinley's demands concerning the pacification of Cuba, notwithstanding the Spanish offer to arbitrate the Maine trouble, led the authorities at Washington to believe that pacification could not be attained without the armed intervention of the United States.The President's message to Congress . . . . stated the entire issue, rightly considering the Maine disaster a subordinate matter, stated that the only hope of relief and repo se from a condition which can no longer be endured is the enforced pacification of Cuba. In the name of humanity, in the name of civilization, in behalf of endangered American interests, which give us the right and the duty to speak and act, the war in Cuba must stop.† â€Å"Outbreak Of The War With Spain†, America, Vol.10, Pg.120.Document Gâ€Å"For more than a year the exact whereabouts of the elusive chieftain of the insurgent Filipinos had been a mystery. Rumor located Aguinaldo in all sorts of impossible places. Running up the bank toward the house, we were met by Segovia, who came running out, his face aglow with exultation, and his clothing spattered with the blood of the men he had wounded. He called out in Spanish, â€Å"It is all right. We have him.† We hastened into the house, and I introduced myself to Aguinaldo, telling him that we were officers of the  American army, that the men with us were our troops, and not his, and that he was a prisoner of war.He was given assurance that he need fear no bad treatment. He said in a dazed sort of way, â€Å"Is this not some joke?† I assured him that it was not, though, as a matter of fact, it was a pretty bad one, on him. With Aguinaldo in our hands, the Filipinos soon lost heart and the insurrection collapsed.† Senator George Frisbie Hoar, Subjugation of the Philippines Inquitous, The World's Famous Orations, Vol.3, Pg.220.Document Hâ€Å"The Republic of Panama grants to the United States in perpetuity, the use, occupation and control of a zone of land and land under water for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation and protection of said Canal of the width of ten miles extending to the distance of five miles on each side of the center line of the route of the Canal to be constructed; the said zone beginning in the Caribbean Sea three marine miles from mean low water mark and extending to and across the Isthmus of Panama into the Pacific Ocean to a distance of three marine miles from mean low water mark with the proviso that the cities of Panama and Colon and the harbors adjacent to said cities, which are included within the boundaries of the zone above described, shall not be included within this grant. . . .The Republic of Panama further grants in like manner to the United States in perpetuity, all islands within the limits of the zone above described and in addition thereto, the group of small islands, in the Bay of Panama, named Perico, Naos, Culebra and Flamenco. . . .The Republic of Panama grants to the United States all the rights, power and authority within the zone mentioned and described in Article II of this agreement, and within the limits of all auxiliary lands and waters mentioned and described in said Article II which the United States would possess and exercise, if it were the sovereign of the territory within which said lands and waters are located to the entire exclusion of the exercise by the Republic of Panama of an y such sovereign rights, power or authority.† Theodore Roosevelt, Convention Between U. S. And Panama, Pg.480.Document Iâ€Å"In view of the constant reiteration of the assertion that there was some corrupt action by or on behalf of the United States Government in connection with the acquisition of the title of the French Company to the Panama Canal and of the repetition of the story that a syndicate of American citizens owned either one or both of the Panama Companies, I deem it unwise to submit to the Congress all the information I have on the subject.These stories were first brought to my attention as published in a paper in Indianapolis, called the â€Å"News,† edited by Mr. Delavan Smith. The stories were scurrilous and libelous in character and false in every essential particular. Mr. Smith shelters himself behind the excuse that he merely accepted the statements which had appeared in a paper published in New York, the â€Å"World,† owned by Mr. Joseph Pul itzer.† Theodore Roosevelt, Purchase Of The Panama Canal, Pg.240.Document Jâ€Å"Alfred Thayer Mahan (1840-1914), American naval officer and historian, born in West Point, New York, and educated at the United States Naval Academy. A Union naval officer during the American Civil War (1861-1865), Mahan served in the navy for nearly 40 years. He was promoted to the rank of captain in 1885. In 1886, Mahan was invited to lecture at the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. He also served as president of the college from 1886 to 1889, and again in 1892 and 1893. His lectures were published under the title of The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783 (1890). The book received international recognition as a comprehensive exposition of naval strategy. Mahan stressed the important role of sea power in the world, and this idea had a profound influence on the policies of many nations, including the United States and Germany.† Microsoft EncartaDocument Kâ€Å"And now of a sudden, without cool deliberation, without prudent preparation, the nation is hurried into war, and America, she who more than any other land was pledged to peace and good will on earth, unsheathes her  sword, compels a weak and unwilling nation to a fight, rejecting without due consideration her [Spain's] earnest and repeated offers to meet every legitimate demand of the United States. It is a bitter disappointment to the lover of his country; it is a turning back from the path of civilization to that of barbarism. There never was a good war,† said Franklin. There have indeed been many wars in which a good man must take part. . . .But if a war be undertaken for the most righteous end, before the resources of peace have been tried and proved vain to secure it, that war has no defense. It is a national crime. The plea that the better government of Cuba, and the relief of the reconcentrados, could only be secured by war is the plea either of ignorance or of hypocrisy. Bu t the war is declared; and on all hands we hear the cry that he is no patriot who fails to shout for it, and to urge the youth of the country to enlist, and to rejoice that they are called to the service of their native land. The sober counsels that were appropriate before the war was entered upon must give way to blind enthusiasm, and the voice of condemnation must be silenced by the thunders of the guns and the hurrahs of the crowd. Stop! A declaration of war does not change the moral law.â€Å"The Ten Commandments will not budge† at a joint resolve of Congress. . . . No! the voice of protest, of warning, of appeal is never more needed than when the press and too often the pulpit, is bidding all men fall in and keep step and obey in silence the tyrannous word of command. Then, more than ever, it is the duty of the good citizen not to be silent, and spite of obliquity, misrepresentation, and abuse, to insist on being heard, and with sober counsel to maintain the everlasting validity of the principles of the moral law.† Public Opinion 24 (June 23, 1898): 775-776.Document LCaribbean interventionsDocument Mâ€Å"Even if the condemnation of barbarous warfare in the Philippines by the imperialist press is somewhat belated, we welcome it, as we welcome everything that compels Americans to give attention to a subject to which too many of them have become increasingly indifferent. Silence, we know, is consistent with shame, and may be one of the signs of its existence; and the fact that only a few of the more unblushing or foolish newspapers have defended Gen. Smith's policy of extermination shows what the general sentiment is. To allege the provocation which our soldiers had is to set up a defense which President Roosevelt brushed aside in advance.To fall back on the miserable sophistry that â€Å"war is hell† is only another way of making out those who engage in that kind of war to be fiends. It is, besides, to offer an excuse for ourselves whi ch we did not tolerate for an instant in the case of Spanish atrocities. That is our present moral humiliation in the eyes of the world.We made war on Spain four years ago for doing the very things of which we are now guilty ourselves. As the Chicago News pointedly observes, we are giving Spain as good reason to interfere with us on the ground of humanity as we had to interfere with her. Doubtless she would interfere if she were strong enough and thought she could acquire some islands in the virtuous act.† Nation (New York) 74 (May 8, 1902): 357.Document Nâ€Å"How long are the Spaniards to drench Cuba with the blood and tears of her people? How long is the peasantry of Spain to be drafted away to Cuba to die miserably in a hopeless war, that Spanish nobles and Spanish officers may get medals and honors? How long shall old [Cuban] men and women and children be murdered by the score, the innocent victims of Spanish rage against the patriot armies they cannot conquer? How long shall the sound of rifles in Castle Morro at sunrise proclaim that bound and helpless prisoners of war have been murdered in cold blood? How long shall Cuban women be the victims of Spanish outrages and lie sobbing and bruised in loathsome prisons?† New York Journal, 1898Document Oâ€Å"When next I realized that the Philippines had dropped into our laps, I confess I did not know what to do with them. I sought counsel from all sides–Democrats as well as Republicans–but got little help. I thought first we would take only Manila; then Luzon; then other islands, perhaps, also. I walked the floor of the White House night after night until midnight; and I am not ashamed to tell you, gentlemen, that I went down on my knees and prayed Almighty God for light and guidance more than one night. And one night late it came to me this way–I don't know how it was, but it came: (1)That we could not give them back to Spain–that would be cowardly and dishonorable; (2 ) That we could not turn them over to France or Germany, our commercial rivals in the Orient–that would be bad business and discreditable. (3) That we could not leave them to themselves–they were unfit for self-government, and they would soon have anarchy and misrule worse than Spain's was; and (4) That there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them and by God's grace do the very best we could by them, as our fellow men, for whom Christ also died.And then I went to bed and went to sleep, and slept soundly, and the next morning I sent for the chief engineer of the War Department (our map-maker), and I told him to put the Philippines on the map of the United States (pointing to a large map on the wall of his office), and there they are and there they will stay while I am President!† This document is a report of an interview with McKinley at the White House, November 21, 1899, wri tten by one of the interviewers and confirmed by others present. Published in Christian Advocate, January 22, 1903.Document Pâ€Å"It is not true that the United States feels any land hunger or entertains any projects as regards the other nations of the Western Hemisphere, save such as are for their welfare. All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous. . . . If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States.Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by  some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoi ng or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power. . . . Our interests and those of our southern neighbors are in reality identical. We would interfere with them only in the last resort. . . .† [Theodore Roosevelt] A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents (New York: Bureau of National Literature, 1906) vol. 16 (December 6, 1904), pp. 7053-7054.Document Qâ€Å"There is not a civilized nation which does not talk about its civilizing mission just as grandly as we do. . . . . We assume that what we like and practice, and what we think better, must come as a welcome blessing to Spanish-Americans and Filipinos. This is grossly and obviously untrue. They hate our ways. They are hostile to our ideas. Our religion, language, institutions, and manners offend them.† W. G. Sumner, War and Other Essays (1919), pp. 303-305.Document Râ€Å"No document has proved more harmful to the prestige of the United States in the Western Hemisphere [than the Roo sevelt corollary]. No White House policy could be more distasteful to Latin Americans–not even, perhaps, outspoken imperialism. Latin Americans are usually inclined to admire strength, force, a nation muy hombre [very manly]. This was imperialism without military glamour. . . . Moreover, it was a total distortion of the original Message. Monroe's Doctrine was defensive and negative: defensive, in that it was essentially an opposition to eventual aggression from Europe; negative, in that it simply told Europe what it should not do–not what the United States should do.The Monroe Doctrine of later corollaries became aggressive and positive; aggressive, because, even without actual European attack, it urged Unites States â€Å"protection† of Latin America–and that was outright intervention; positive, because instead of telling Europe what not to do, it told the United States what it should do in the Western Hemisphere. From a case of America vs. Europe, the c orollaries made of the Doctrine a case of the United States vs. America. President Monroe had merely shaken his head, brandished his finger, and said to Europe, â€Å"Now, now, gentlemen, if you meddle with us, we will not love you any more,† while Teddy Roosevelt, brandishing a big stick, had shouted, â€Å"Listen, you guys, don't muscle in–this territory is ours.† Luis Quintanilla, A Latin American Speaks (New York: The Macmillan Company 1943), pp. 125-126.Document Sâ€Å"Open Door or not, patriotic Chinese did not care to be used as a doormat by the Europeans. In 1900 a superpatriotic group known as the â€Å"Boxers† broke loose with the cry â€Å"Kill Foreign Devils.† Over two hundred missionaries and other ill-fated whites were murdered, and a number of foreign diplomats were besieged in the capital, Beijing (Peking). A rescue force of some eighteen thousand soldiers, hastily assembled, arrived in the nick of time. This multi nation contingen t consisted of Japanese, Russian, British, French, German, and American troops, with the American contribution some twenty-five hundred men. Such participation in a joint military operation, especially in Asia, was plainly contrary to the nation's time-honored principles of nonentanglement and noninvolvement.† David Kennedy, The American Pageant, Chapter 31.Document Tâ€Å" . . . .largely as a result of the dislocations and tax burdens, numerous Japanese laborers, with their wives and children, began to pour into California. By 1906 approximately seventy thousand Japanese dwelt along the Pacific Coast. Nervous Californians, confronted by another â€Å"yellow peril,† feared being drowned in an Asian sea. . . . Following the frightful earthquake and fire in San Francisco, the local school authorities, decreed that Japanese children should attend a special school. Instantly, this brewed an international crisis, and irresponsible war talk sizzled. This led to the Gentleman ’s Agreement.† David Kennedy, The American Pageant, Chapter 31.Document Uâ€Å"Cuba, scorched and chaotic, presented another headache. An American military government, set up under the administrative genius of General Leonard Wood of Rough Rider fame, wrought miracles in government, finance, education, agriculture, and public health. Under his leadership a frontal attack was launched on yellow fever. Spectacular experiments were performed by Dr. Walter Reed and others upon American soldiers, who volunteered as human guinea pigs; and the stegomyia mosquito was proved to be the lethal carrier.A cleanup of breeding places for mosquitoes wiped out yellow fever in Havana, while removing the recurrent fear of epidemics in cities of the South and Atlantic seaboard. The United States, honoring its self-denying Teller Amendment of 1898, withdrew from Cuba in 1902. Old World imperialists could scarcely believe their eyes. But the Washington government could not turn this rich an d strategic island completely loose on the international sea; a grasping power like Germany might secure dangerous lodgment near America's soft underbelly. The Cubans were therefore forced to write into their own constitution of 1901 the so-called Platt Amendment. The hated restriction severely hobbled the Cubans. They bound themselves not to impair their independence by treaty or by contracting a debt beyond their resources.They further agreed that the United States might intervene with troops to restore order and to provide mutual protection. Finally, the Cubans promised to sell or lease needed coaling or naval stations, ultimately two and then only one (Guantanamo), to their powerful â€Å"benefactor.† The United States is still there on about twenty-eight thousand acres under an agreement that can be revoked only by the consent of both parties.† Thomas A. Bailey, The American Pageant, Chapter 30.Document VA thorny legal problem was posed by the various territorial a cquisitions: did the Constitution follow the flag? Did American laws, including tariff laws, apply with full force to the newly acquired possessions, chiefly the Philippines and Puerto Rico? Beginning in 1901 with the Insular Cases, a badly divided Supreme Court decreed, in effect, that the flag did outrun the Constitution, and that the outdistanced document did not necessarily extend with full force to the new territories. The Congress was therefore left with a free hand to determine the degree of applicability.â€Å"The question before us is, has Congress incorporated Puerto Rico into the Union as distinguished from merely belong to the United States? Constitutional guarantees clearly apply in territories destined for statehood, but not in those not destined for statehood. . . . Mr. Balzac, the editor of a Puerto Rican newspaper, was convicted of criminal libel in the territorial court without trial by jury. He appealed to the Supreme Court for his right of trial by jury. . . . W ithout express provision by Congress, territory acquired by the nation remains unincorporated and the inhabitants are not entitled to all the protections of the Constitution.† Balzac v. ‘Puerto Rico 258 U.S. 298, 1922.